Sunscreen
What is sunscreen?
Sunscreen is a topical product designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. It can prevent sunburn, reduce the risk of skin cancer, and prevent early signs of skin aging. Sunscreens come in various forms, including lotions, sprays, gels, and sticks. They work by either reflecting, absorbing, or scattering the sun's rays.
What are the different types of sunscreen?
There are two main categories of sunscreen:
Chemical (or Organic) Sunscreens: These contain organic compounds that absorb UV radiation, transforming it into harmless heat. Common ingredients include avobenzone, octocrylene, and octinoxate.
Physical (or Inorganic) Sunscreens: These use minerals like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to physically block or scatter UV rays, acting as a shield on the skin's surface. They are often referred to as "mineral sunscreens" and can be ideal for those with sensitive skin.
Different suncreen can be further categorized as follows:
Broad Spectrum: Sunscreens labeled as broad-spectrum offer protection against both UVA (aging) and UVB (burning) rays. It's essential to choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen to ensure comprehensive protection.
Water-Resistant: While no sunscreen is completely waterproof, water-resistant sunscreens offer protection for a certain amount of time (either 40 or 80 minutes) while swimming or sweating.
What are possible side effects of sunscreen?
Most people can use sunscreens without any issues. However, some might experience skin irritation or allergies to certain ingredients. Physical sunscreens, though less likely to cause allergic reactions, can sometimes leave a white cast on the skin. Chemical sunscreens, on the other hand, might be more cosmetically appealing but can occasionally cause mild stinging or irritation. Some concerns have been raised about the systemic absorption of chemical sunscreens; while these ingredients can be detected in the bloodstream after application, current research indicates that this absorption is not known to be harmful. However, continuous studies are being conducted to ensure safety.
How is sunscreen used?
Sunscreen should be applied generously to all exposed skin 15 minutes before sun exposure. It should be reapplied every two hours, or immediately after swimming, sweating, or towel drying. Even on cloudy days, up to 80% of the sun's UV rays can reach your skin, so daily sunscreen application is crucial. For best results, use sunscreen in conjunction with other sun protection measures like wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.