Contact Dermatitis

What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a skin condition that manifests as a rash, triggered when the skin encounters specific irritants or allergens. The reaction can arise from direct contact with substances such as poison ivy or certain metals in jewelry. Interestingly, a specific substance might cause a reaction in one person and have no effect on another, even within the same household.

What causes contact dermatitis?

There are three primary types of contact dermatitis, each with distinct triggers:

1. Irritant Dermatitis: This results from the skin coming into contact with substances that physically damage it. Common irritants include:

• Solvents like alcohol, xylene, and acetone

• Harsh soaps and detergents

• Metalworking fluids and kerosene

• Alkalis such as drain cleaners and strong soaps

• Fragrances in perfumes and colognes

2. Allergic Dermatitis: This type arises when the skin reacts to a substance it's sensitized to. Common allergens include:

• Metals like nickel, gold, and chromium (commonly found in jewelry)

• Latex

• Fragrances in perfumes and colognes

• Urushiol (a compound in poison ivy, oak, and sumac)

3. Photocontact Dermatitis: This type is less common and is triggered by the interaction of sunlight with certain substances on the skin. Examples include:

• Chemicals in certain fruits and vegetables like carrots, celery, citrus fruits, and figs

What are the symptoms of contact dermatitis?

Symptoms typically localize to the skin area that made contact with the irritant or allergen:

• Red, inflamed rash

• Itchy or burning sensation

• Blisters, in some cases

• Raised, itchy bumps (hives)

How do I treat contact dermatitis?

The primary approach to treating contact dermatitis is identifying and avoiding the causative agent. While it's possible to suddenly react to substances you've been exposed to for years, pinpointing the exact cause can be challenging. In some cases, patch testing might be recommended to identify the culprit. Treatment options to manage symptoms include:

• Topical steroids to reduce inflammation

• Antihistamines for itching (e.g., diphenhydramine, loratadine)

• Oral steroids, such as prednisone, in more severe cases

How do I prevent contact dermatitis?

Prevention largely involves:

• Avoiding known irritants or allergens

• Using barrier creams or protective clothing when handling potential irritants

• Being cautious with unfamiliar substances

• For occupations requiring frequent hand washing, ensuring proper skin care to avoid excessive drying