Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum)

What are genital warts?

Genital warts are sexually transmitted growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). These flesh-colored clusters often resemble cauliflower and can appear on the penile shaft, scrotum, labia, mons pubis, groin folds, or anus. Beyond the warts themselves, they can lead to psychological distress and an increased risk for certain cancers like cervical, penile, and anal cancer.

What causes genital warts?

• Genital warts arise from HPV infection.

• Over 130 different types of HPV exist, with at least 40 affecting the anogenital region.

• HPV type 6 and 11 are common culprits for genital warts.

• Transmission usually involves penetrative sexual activity, though any contact can result in infection.

What are the symptoms of genital warts?

• Flesh-colored bumps, sometimes joining to form large areas or stalks.

• Variability in softness, color, and thickness.

• Possible itching, redness, bleeding, or discomfort, especially around the anus.

• Many HPV-infected individuals may never show warts but are still at risk for certain cancers.

How do I treat genital warts?

While no cure exists for HPV, several treatments target visible warts:

• Podophyllotoxin solution or cream

• Imiquimod cream

• Cryotherapy

• Trichloroacetic acid applications

• Electrosurgery

• Curettage and scissor or scalpel excision

• Laser ablation

• 5-fluorouracil cream

• Interferon

How do I prevent genital warts?

• Condom usage can reduce HPV transmission but isn't foolproof.

• Vaccination is the most effective method, with GARDASIL 9 protecting against several HPV types including 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.