Hydroquinone

What is hydroquinone?

Hydroquinone is a topical medication commonly used to treat hyperpigmentation, including age spots, melasma, and other uneven skin tones. It works by decreasing the production and increasing the breakdown of melanin pigments in the skin. Over-the-counter hydroquinone products typically contain up to 2% hydroquinone, while prescription-strength versions can contain 4% or more.

What are possible side effects of hydroquinone?

Before starting hydroquinone, it's important to note that while it is generally safe, some individuals may experience side effects. The most common side effects include skin irritation, redness, and mild burning. In rare cases, a condition called ochronosis, where the skin becomes dark and thick, can occur, especially with prolonged use. Allergic reactions are also possible but are less common. It's essential to use sunscreen when using hydroquinone, as the skin can become more sensitive to the sun, increasing the risk of sunburn.

How is hydroquinone used?

Hydroquinone is applied directly to the hyperpigmented areas of the skin to lighten them. The treatment is typically applied once or twice daily. Consistent use over several weeks to months is usually necessary to see noticeable results. It's important not to use hydroquinone for extended periods without a dermatologist's guidance. If you are pregnant or nursing, consult your dermatologist before using hydroquinone. Lastly, while using hydroquinone, it's essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily to protect the treated areas from further pigmentation.