Lentigo (Lentigines)

What are lentigines?

A lentigo (plural: lentigines) represents a small, dark, and flat or slightly elevated spot with distinct borders on the skin. These benign lesions arise due to localized growth of melanocytes, the pigment cells. Although similar in appearance, they are different from moles (nevi) and freckles (ephelides).

What causes lentigines?

Lentigines develop from a surface-level increase of melanocytes, unlike moles that consist of several melanocyte layers. Freckles, on the other hand, possess a normal melanocyte count but have elevated melanin pigment. Several factors can increase the risk of developing lentigines:

• Inherited genetic disorders or familial tendencies

• Exposure to UV rays, either from the sun or tanning beds

• Phototherapy sessions

• Radiation exposure

What are the symptoms of lentigines?

The primary symptom of a lentigo is a small, darkened patch on the skin. Some may exhibit slightly drier skin than the surrounding area, though this difference is often subtle due to the lesion's size. Lentigines typically measure less than 5 mm and can either be solitary or appear in groups. On occasion, a lentigo might transform into a seborrheic keratosis, but they generally remain benign and unproblematic.

How do I treat lentigines?

Though lentigines might reappear after treatment, several methods can lessen their appearance or eliminate them for cosmetic reasons:

• Laser therapy, which holds the highest potential for permanent removal

• Application of hydroquinone bleaching creams

• Using azelaic acid preparations

• Administering topical retinoids

• Undergoing chemical peeling procedures

• Opting for cryotherapy

How do I prevent lentigines?

The best strategy to reduce the risk of lentigines predominantly involves limiting sun exposure. Recommended preventive measures are:

• Using sunscreen with at least SPF 50+

• Wearing sun-protective attire

• Considering Vitamin D supplements when sun avoidance is practiced