Tranexamic Acid (TXA)

WHAT IS TRANEXAMIC ACID?

Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. While it's traditionally known for its antifibrinolytic properties to treat and prevent excessive bleeding, in dermatology, it has gained attention for its role in managing melasma and other hyperpigmentation disorders like post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Tranexamic acid works by inhibiting the plasminogen/plasmin pathway, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and hindering melanocyte stimulation, which in turn helps in the reduction of melanin synthesis.

WHY IS TRANEXAMIC ACID USED IN DERMATOLOGY?

  • Melasma Treatment: Tranexamic acid has shown efficacy in treating melasma, especially when traditional treatments like hydroquinone or topical corticosteroids are contraindicated or have shown limited results.

  • Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): It helps reduce the appearance of dark spots that emerge after skin inflammation or injury.

  • Adjunctive Treatment: It can be combined with other treatments like chemical peels or lasers to enhance results and reduce the risk of post-procedure hyperpigmentation.

WHAT ARE POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF TRANEXAMIC ACID IN DERMATOLOGY?

In dermatological applications, tranexamic acid is generally well-tolerated. However, potential side effects include:

  • Mild skin irritation

  • Sensitivity or allergic reactions

  • Stomach upset (when taken orally)

Note: The risk of thromboembolic events (blood clots in the legs or lungs) associated with systemic use is a concern, especially in individuals with a predisposition. However, this risk is primarily associated with oral administration and is less relevant for topical applications. The risk of blood clots is similar to the risk of taking a birth control pill.

HOW IS TRANEXAMIC ACID USED IN DERMATOLOGY?

  • Topical Application: Available as creams, serums, or lotions, tranexamic acid can be applied directly to the affected areas.

  • Oral Administration: In certain cases, oral tranexamic acid may be prescribed, usually at lower doses than used for bleeding disorders.

  • Microneedling or Mesotherapy: Tranexamic acid can be delivered into the skin using microneedling or mesotherapy techniques for enhanced penetration and efficacy.

Regular follow-up with a dermatologist is essential when using tranexamic acid, especially when taken orally, to monitor for any potential side effects and assess treatment efficacy.

THIS CONTENT IS INTENDED SOLELY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES AND MAY NOT BE COMPREHENSIVE. IT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE MEDICAL ADVICE. PLEASE REFER TO OUR TERMS OF USE FOR FURTHER DETAILS. ALWAYS CONSULT WITH YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER BEFORE MAKING ANY MEDICAL DECISIONS.