Cold Sores (Herpes Labialis, Fever Blisters)

What are cold sores?

Cold sores, commonly referred to as fever blisters, manifest as painful, fluid-filled blisters around the lips and oral region. Following their initial appearance, these blisters can burst, creating open, ulcer-like sores that eventually enter the healing phase. Their primary cause is the Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), although HSV-2 can occasionally be responsible.

What causes cold sores?

The chief causative agent for cold sores is:

• HSV-1: This is the primary virus behind cold sores, which is predominantly transmitted orally.

• HSV-2: Less commonly, the HSV-2 strain, generally responsible for genital herpes, can lead to cold sores due to oral-genital contact.

How is it transmitted?

The virus predominantly spreads through:

• Direct contact with an infected individual's saliva or the blister itself, often via actions like kissing.

• Sharing items like utensils, towels, or lip balm with an infected person.

What are the symptoms of cold sores?

Upon manifestation, cold sores typically present as:

• Fluid-filled blisters around the lips and mouth.

• Pain, itching, or a burning sensation before the appearance of the blisters.

• Swollen lymph nodes and a sore throat.

• Fever, fatigue, or muscle aches.

How do I treat cold sores?

Though cold sores typically heal on their own within a few weeks, certain treatments can expedite the healing process and alleviate symptoms:

• Topical antiviral creams

• Oral antiviral medications

• Over-the-counter pain relievers and creams

How do I prevent cold sores?

Preventative measures include:

• Avoiding close contact, like kissing, with infected individuals, especially during an outbreak.

• Refraining from sharing personal items such as lip balm or utensils.

• Using sunscreen on the lips and face.

• Reducing stress, as it can trigger outbreaks.