cellulitis

What is cellulitis?

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection affecting the skin's deeper layers, resulting in red, painful, and swollen skin areas. Additional symptoms can include fever and chills. Timely treatment of cellulitis is crucial, especially for individuals with diabetes or compromised immune systems.

What causes cellulitis?

Cellulitis arises when certain bacteria penetrate the skin, often through small cuts, abrasions, or even unnoticed cracks. Conditions such as athlete’s foot, nail fungal infections, eczema, blistering disorders, or leg swelling can increase the likelihood of such breaches. The primary bacteria responsible for cellulitis are Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, although others can also be culprits. Specific risk factors heighten the chance of contracting cellulitis or make infections with atypical bacteria more probable:

• Immunosuppression (due to HIV, chemotherapy, transplant medications, etc.)

• Diabetes

• Chronic liver or kidney ailments

• Obesity

• Pregnancy

• Alcoholism

What are the symptoms of cellulitis?

Commonly affecting the limbs, cellulitis manifests as rapidly expanding regions of skin swelling, redness, warmth, and pain. Typically, the inflammation is unilateral. Accompanying symptoms may include fever, chills, malaise, and nearby swollen or tender lymph nodes. Other indicators encompass:

• Skin dimpling

• Blister formation

• Ulcerations

• Abscesses

• Darkened areas or bruising

Immediate medical attention is advised for those displaying these symptoms.

How do I treat cellulitis?

Prompt antibiotic treatment is essential for cellulitis. Mild cases are usually addressed with oral antibiotics, chosen based on individual risk factors and the presence of pus. If an abscess forms, drainage might be necessary alongside antibiotic therapy. Severe cases, marked by fever, chills, or generalized symptoms, typically demand intravenous antibiotics, fluids, and hospitalization. Necrotizing fasciitis, a more severe cellulitis variant, may necessitate surgical intervention. Adjunctive treatments include:

• Pain relief medications (e.g., NSAIDs or acetaminophen)

• Adequate fluid intake

• Management of co-existing skin issues (like eczema or fungal infections)

• Warm compresses

How do I prevent cellulitis?

While cellulitis prevention is not foolproof, its risk can be mitigated through:

• Effective diabetes management

• Ensuring wounds remain clean and dry

• Addressing fungal nail infections or athlete's foot

• Treating underlying skin conditions (e.g., eczema or blistering disorders)

• Using compression stockings for individuals with leg swelling