Seborrheic Dermatitis

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common skin condition characterized by red, scaly, greasy, and itchy skin. Often confused with dandruff, a milder variation, it predominantly impacts areas rich in oil glands, such as the scalp, face, and trunk. One misconception about seborrheic dermatitis is that it's due to poor hygiene, making some sufferers feel embarrassed. However, hygiene is not a causative factor.

What causes seborrheic dermatitis?

The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis remains uncertain. However, it's generally believed to result from inflammation caused by the Malassezia fungi species present in oil-producing skin regions. These fungi produce compounds that can irritate the skin. Additionally, individual variations in skin barrier function might explain why some people are more susceptible than others. Notably, the condition is more prevalent among individuals with HIV or Parkinson’s disease.

What are the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis?

Symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis include:

• Red, flaky, mildly itchy skin, especially on the scalp, behind the ears, on the face, and in skin folds

• A mix of oily and dry skin patches on the face

• Scaly residue on the scalp

• Scaly, reddened eyelids

• Pink, flaky patches in skin creases on both sides of the face

• Inflamed, red hair follicles on the cheeks and upper trunk

• A seasonal pattern, with symptoms often worsening in winter and improving in summer

How do I treat seborrheic dermatitis?

There are various treatment options for seborrheic dermatitis:

• Topical antifungal medications like ketoconazole, ciclopirox, zinc pyrithione, or selenium sulfide

• Topical anti-inflammatory medications like Zoryve foam (roflumilast)

• Mild topical corticosteroids to manage flare-ups

• Skin-softening or keratolytic agents such as salicylic acid, lactic acid, and urea

• Topical treatments like pimecrolimus or tacrolimus

• In severe cases, oral antifungals, antibiotics, or antiandrogen medications like spironolactone may be prescribed

• Using a humidifier in winter can alleviate scaliness