Squamous Cell Carcinoma

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a prevalent skin cancer characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of squamous cells, which are responsible for producing the protein keratin. Typically manifesting as a firm bump or an ulcerated region, SCC is frequently linked to prolonged sun or tanning bed exposure. It predominantly appears on areas most exposed to the sun, such as the face, head, ears, and neck, but can arise elsewhere. Early detection is crucial, as it occasionally metastasizes.

What causes squamous cell carcinoma?

The primary trigger for SCC is the accumulation of mutations within squamous cells. Predominantly, these mutations arise from:

• UV radiation damage

• Cigarette smoking

• Aging

• HPV infection

• Immune suppression

Risk Factors:

• Fair complexion

• Presence of actinic keratoses (pre-cancerous skin lesions)

• History of sunburn episodes

• Habitual sun or tanning bed exposure

• Prior diagnosis of skin cancer

What are the symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?

The hallmarks of SCC are crusted or scaly lumps, which might ulcerate. They predominantly surface in areas exposed to the sun. Key indicators include:

• Progressive growth spanning weeks to months

• Sensitivity or pain

• Red, scaly patches

• Typical locations: face, lips, ears, hands, forearms, and shins

• Variable size, from a few millimeters to multiple centimeters

How do I treat squamous cell carcinoma?

Surgical intervention is the primary approach for SCC. Typically, the lesion is excised with a safety margin to ensure comprehensive removal. Alternative treatments encompass:

• Shave excision, cryotherapy, or electrocautery: Suitable for small, low-risk tumors.

• Topical chemotherapy: Employing agents like fluorouracil or imiquimod for early-stage lesions.

• Mohs micrographic surgery: Chosen for facial lesions or recurring tumors, ensuring minimal tissue loss with maximum cancer clearance.

• Radiotherapy: An option when surgery isn't feasible.

• Chemotherapy injections: Using methotrexate, for cases where surgery isn't suitable.

How do I prevent squamous cell carcinoma?

SCC prevention primarily hinges on minimizing sun or tanning bed exposure. Protective measures include sunscreen application, donning hats, and using UV-protective clothing. Regular skin examinations facilitate early detection and prompt treatment. Additionally, oral vitamin B3 or acitretin might reduce SCC risk in individuals with a heightened susceptibility.